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Traumatic Brain Injury: Listening to the symptoms

Traumatic Brain Injury: Listening to the symptoms Two individuals suffer traumatic brain injuries (TBI) with the same level of severity. Yet their recoveries are markedly different.  Why? A TBI can occur when a person experiences sudden brain trauma.   Although a blow to the head is a common cause, injury to the head is not the determining feature of any brain injury. Over the years, scientists have been studying the factors that play a role in TBI recovery. Dr. Donald Stuss and his colleagues, originally at the University of Ottawa and later at the University of Toronto, have focused primarily on the impact of TBI on behaviour.   The journey for Dr. Stuss started some 30 years ago in his clinical practice. He noticed that patients who appeared to have returned to normal abilities on standardized psychological tests continued to complain of problems.  He reviewed the evidence on where brain damage was most likely to occur after TBI. He found that frontal-temporal regions of the brain were most likely to be injured, regardless of what the mechanism of brain damage was. Once he started to focus on tests particularly sensitive to these regions, the lingering problems the patients were describing were clearly evident.  The frontal lobes, which constitute some 23-33% of the entire brain, were once considered as one functional entity.  However, with the help of funding from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), Dr. Stuss has identified at least four functional regions within the frontal lobes. One region is important for drive and activation. Damage here results in significant slowing of behaviour. If damage occurs in another area of the frontal lobes, the patient may have notable personality changes. In still another region, decision making, planning and monitoring of behaviour may be affected.  And damage in the very front, just above...

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Joshua Buck, Lookout Newspaper